The Flag Resolution Act Of The United States - 1623 Words

On June 14, 1787, The Second Continental Congress passed the Flag Resolution Act that states: That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.†(Cite) Flag Day is observed on every June 14 for the sacred symbol of the United States of America of what is the Flag. As each star increased on the flag, turmoil on how the flag should or should not be treated also grew. Many americans, including myself, see it a national symbols that need no discretion what so ever. This including punishment under the law and from public policies. Some protesters, mainly libertarians saw the symbol as the face of the government†¦show more content†¦In any event, three-fourths of the state legislatures must ratify the amendment for it to become a permanent part of the Constitution. Supporters of the amendment believed to have honored for the fallen men and women who sacrifice for this country. Especially for those who commit the ultimate sacrifice. Opposition for the proposed amendment included that the government would infringe on their given rights by the government in the preamble and the 1st amendment. With the support of the judicial review of the case Texas vs Johnson (1989) and other Supreme Court cases, the opposition makes a strong constitutional case against the rest of the branches of government. The Opposition of the amendment would believe that the government would suppress the rights of of the rest of the country, for a small minority, the supporters of the amendment. A 1931 Supreme Court case, Stromberg v. California, set the first precedent for the use of a flag in an act of symbolic speech under the First Amendment, when the Court struck down a California law that banned the flying of a red flag to protest against the government. More than five decades later, Congress passed Flag Protection Act in 1968. The Act was response to the Vietnam protests of the unfavorable Vietnam war. Protesters started the tradition of desecrating the flag, including burning the flag. For more than 20 years, the lower court upheld the act and the Supreme Court deniedShow MoreRelatedThe National Standards Of The World834 Words   |  4 Pagesa red, white and blue flag. A flag with thirteen horizontal stripes, equal in width, and fifty white five-pointed stars in a blue rectangle in the upper-left corner. A flag that symbolizes the unity and strength of the country. As the flag is flown all over the nation it proudly holds the name of the American Flag. As many people see the flag some may begin to wonder why the American Flag is red, white, and blue and what the meaning of the flag is. The United States Flag is the third oldest ofRead MoreThe Flag Of The Civil War Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pages When the flag was first adopted as the national symbol on June 14, 1777 it received very little interest or public display. Not until the outbreak of the Civil War nearly 80 years later did it become an object of public adoration to the North. After the Civil War the flag became increasingly visible with the commercialization of a wide range of products, modern advertising developed from the rapid postwar industrialization. It was then in 1890, union veterans began to protest the use the AmericanRead MoreThe Civil Liberties Of The United States1997 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica is a home for people to be free from religious persecution; or at least that is what the nation was found on. As time goes on, it seem as if the foundation of religious freedom that the United States of America was found has been forgotten. The United States government at its earliest establish ment had set forth a set of freedoms for all people to feel safe from any persecution. In order to make these a set of established rights, the founding fathers created the U.S. Constitution that holdsRead MoreShould There Be A Constitutional Amendment Prohibiting Flag Burning?1637 Words   |  7 Pagesamendment prohibiting flag burning? 1) Describe the issue. Who, what, when, where, why, etc. Some people believe that burning the flag is extremely unpatriotic and disrespectful, while others believe it is an expression of free speech, which is protected under the First Amendment in the United States constitution. In 2006, a flag burning amendment was formally proposed in congress and failed to pass by just one vote. The closeness of this vote is a clear indication that flag burning is a very Read MoreSix Day War Research Paper1457 Words   |  6 PagesSigns of a Firm Alliance The United States and Israel developed a strong bond following the latter’s independence and war against the Arabs. Israel became one of the major American allies in the Middle East, and the United States government readily provided extensive economic and military support. The first instance of this support was in 1962, when the Kennedy administration sold Hawk missiles to Israel. Since then, â€Å"over $100 billion†¦ of military aid and technology transfers to Israel†¦ over theRead MoreMidterm Exam Draft ( Parts 11726 Words   |  7 PagesBrad Wyzykowski Professor Gerber HIS300 4/5/2017 Midterm Exam Draft (Parts 1 2) Part 1 This debate is set April 12, 1861 between a congressman from New Haven, Connecticut, of the United States of America and a congressman from Jackson, Mississippi, of the Confederate States of America. Each congressman is very well informed of the issues leading up to the Civil War. They will debate over a variety of different issues that include secession validity, race relations, a plan to win the war, andRead MoreThe Alien And Sedition Acts1274 Words   |  6 Pagesstrength. In the development of the United States, one such set of acts played a key role in the way unto which this nation was formed and continues to affect it today. The Alien and Sedition Acts changed American ideology in the 18th Century and again influences the nation in the current era. By first understanding what the Alien and Sedition Acts were, how they shaped the nation s development, and their role in America today, the importance and influence that these acts had, will become prevalent andRead More Westward Expansion Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pages WESTWARD EXPANSION The movement of people that has resulted in the settlement of America is one of the most fascinating and significant topics in the history of the United States. Nowhere else has an area of equal size been settled as a result of the initiative of small groups and individuals. Westward expansion helped stimulate the American economy. The first organized migration to California originated in Platte County, on the far western frontier of Missouri. Reports described CaliforniaRead MoreArctic Ice Disputes: Another Cold War1128 Words   |  4 Pagesa real life example of capture the flag, a plethora of resources in numbers never seen before wait on the top of the hill, while militaries from around the globe race to the base to be the next world power. In an attempt to retain control over the area, the eight member nations of the Arctic Council are trying to find a fair way to distribute resources. But this dispute over territories is pitting friend against foe and against friend. Already, the United States of America and Canada are in a diplomaticRead MoreFlag Desecration Essay5209 Words   |  21 PagesFlag Desecration The issue of flag desecration has been and continues to be a highly controversial issue; on the one side there are those who believe that the flag is a unique symbol for our nation which should be preserved at all costs, while on the other are those who believe that flag burning is a form of free speech and that any legislation designed to prevent this form of expression is contrary to the ideals of the First Amendment to our Constitution. Shawn Eichman, as well as the majority

The Legalization Of Illegal Immigrants - 3636 Words

Americans have the idea of illegal immigrants having a huge effect in the United States and giving an impact to political issues. Thousands of immigrants migrate to the United States yearly and increase the number of workers and consumers; giving U.S. Citizens a form of competition in employment. As of 2012, an estimated amount of 11.5 million immigrants have covered the entire United States population, giving a 59% illegally immigrants migrated from Mexico and a 25% from other countries. Mexicans are the vast majority of immigrants who come and pursue the â€Å"American Dream† but due to the political changes throughout the years, it has been more difficult for them to move up and start a life after crossing the border, though it has never been easy to come across. The Unites States offers more than what their country does which is why they choose to come and settle down to look up for a better living. It is not a huge concern the population should have towards illegal immigr ants; as we can find those with well morals following the idea of becoming a hard worker and helping their families; as also helping the government with quotas and those with crucial intentions that may harm the government. My theory is that these innocent immigrants should have the opportunity in the United States to follow up and gain some benefits that will help them become characterized as more of a citizen and not considered an â€Å"alien†. Immigrants have no intentions to harm anyone; there idea is toShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Illegal Immigrants917 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Will I be next?† Is just one of the question every immigrant that gets to the United States will ask when they see a family member or friend get sent back home. Just like many, Jose Antonio Vargas, who wrote â€Å"Not Legal Not Leaving,† is an immigrant that got here illegally secretly and working here secretly fake identity, until he came out publicly. He believes that the re isn’t much choice but live by a fake identity. One of the many issues that Vargas encounters is the comments and questions fromRead MoreThe Movement Of Undocumented Immigrants1308 Words   |  6 Pages The movement of undocumented immigrants has been a major concern in both the United States and in Europe over the past few years. Frequently, politicians talk about this issue in broad, general statements that appeal to emotion as much as logic, if not more. This style of discussion is often not based on facts, research, or theory, but instead makes use of seemingly ‘invented’ data points and ungrounded opinions. In this paper, a number of potential policies the United States government could enactRead MoreIllegal Immigrants in the United States613 Words   |  3 Pageswho are illegal immigrants. There have been certain proposed policy responses that vary from more restrictive border and workplace enforcement to the legalization of workers who are already he re. Using the U.S. Applied General Equilibrium, it’s possible to weigh in the impact on such factors like public revenues and expenditures, the occupational mix and total employment of U.S. workers, the amount of capital owned by U.S households, and price levels for imports and exports. Legalization of immigrantRead MoreResearch Paper On Illegal Immigrant1314 Words   |  6 PagesJoaquim B. Amado Composition I December, 3 Research Paper on Illegal Immigrant The immigration is an important phenomenon that exists throughout human history and the United States of America is not an exception of this â€Å"rule†. People leave their motherland to travel to different continent, country, island or state for many different reasons. Among these reasons (business, education, asylum and so on) it is very important to highlight one of the most sensitive: the economic reason or theRead MoreMass Legalization For Unauthorized Immigrants1619 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent push to provide amnesty for millions of illegal immigrants in today’s society has become a very contentious issue for Americans. While most United States citizens agree that illegal immigrants violate the basic core of fundamental immigration laws, there remains an unprecedented controversy regarding the possibility of granting amnesty to this growing sector of the population. While some citizens may argue that a mass legalization of immigrants could spark growth in t he United States, othersRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography on Deportations1389 Words   |  6 Pagescan cause this country. The issue of illegal immigration has been an active debate in congress for the last few years. During the presidency of George W. Bush and Barack Obama, the enforcement of deportation has increased. The author mentioned three options that are in congress’ debate and promise to restore the immigration system. The first is to invest billions of dollars into immigration enforcement, which could reduce the quantity of illegal immigrants in the U.S. This option is very unrealisticRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Should Not Be Illegal1082 Words   |  5 Pagesreform was passed. It claimed that US create a tough but fair path to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants currently living in the US. Since then the problem â€Å"Should Undocumented Immigrants Have a Path to Citizenship?† has been risen to the stage of politics. Many governor and citizen t hink there should have some path for undocumented immigrants to gain citizenship. By helping the undocumented immigrant to get citizenship could boost the United Stated economy development, bring in more talent peopleRead MoreLegalization For Hard Working Immigrants890 Words   |  4 Pagespossibility of legalization for hard-working immigrants. Despite of the negative meaning associated with it, an immigration reform would be beneficial to the U.S. in social aspects, such as having undivided families, and by stimulating economic growth. A common misconception is that legalizing illegal immigrants would just result in â€Å"criminals† running around the streets causing disturbances. Who is ignored is the benefit of a very specific population of Americans, the sons and daughters of illegal immigrantsRead MoreNeighbor Relations:. An Immigration Problem Between The1215 Words   |  5 PagesAct of 1986 VI. Illegal Immigration problem VII. Conclusion I. Introduction The United States has always been considered a country of immigrants; immigrants from all the parts of the world have come to America in search of the â€Å"American Dream.† In recent years, there has been an increase in immigration coming from Mexico. Mexican immigrants come in search of better opportunities for them and their families. There are two types of immigration: legal and illegal. Legal immigrationRead MoreIn The Late 1800S, People In Many Parts Of The World Decided1548 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal freedom or relief from political and religious persecution. With hope for a brighter future, nearly 12 million immigrants arrived in the United States between 1870 and 1900. During the 1870s and 1880s, the vast majority of these people were from Germany, Ireland, and England--the principal sources of immigration before the Civil War.There are always very strict immigrant policies to which individuals should adhere, but these policies are often bent every now and then to suit the interests

Political History of Rome-Free-Samples for Students Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Political History of Rome. Answer: The political history of the ancient Rome is highly intertwined with the military history of the empire. The Roman military is an integral part of Rome from the time of its origin as a peninsular state in Italy in the early 8th century BC to its huge expansion in the Western and Southern Europe, Northeast as well as North Africa to finally its decline in the 5th Century AD (Ronald and Mats). The history of the Roman military starts with its initial defence actions against the conquests of Italy's hilltop neighbours to the ultimate struggle of existence against the invasions of Vandals, Huns and other German barbarian Tribe. The expertise of the military force of Rome is the chief reason behind its successful invasion and expansion over the Mediterranean. The whole process of Rome from being a republic to an empire can be segmented into 4 crucial periods. During the first period of expansion, Rome became a republic by killing the last Etruscans King. Considering the fact that Rome was suffering from a shortage of land to provide enough accommodation to their residents, expansion of the kingdom through invention was highly crucial for them. In order to expand their territory, Rome conquered its neighbour kingdom along with several Greek City states. By the end of 264 BC, Romes conquest o the Italian Peninsula was complete (Edward). However, the Kingdom understood the need for a more empowered military force when it was attacked by a band of warlike people travelling from the north, who were popularly known as the Gauls. The Gauls invaded and completely ruined the Roman empire (Thomas, Frederick and Martin). They looted the city, burned a majority of the houses and resources and completely crushed the Roman army. At that point of time, the Roman understood a need for a stronger and larger military force. The Army needed to be large enou gh so that a portion of the army could be kept in the homeland to protect it while another portion could be used for expansion of the kingdom. In order to build a larger military force, more and more citizens of Rome were forced to serve the army. Along with the citizens, individuals from the conquered land were also forced to join the army. The gradual growth of Rome acted as a threat to one of the largest kingdoms at that period of time, namely, the Carthage, located in North Africa. During the second period of expansion, the Roman Military had to fight three major wars popularly known as Punic wars. During the first Punic War, North Africa along with major parts of Spain and Parts off Sicily Island was under the kingdom of Carthage (David). The first Punic war between Rome and Carthage initiated with the invasion of Rome over the Greek City States that was under the kingdom of Carthage. Considering the fact that the war was fought mostly in the sea, Rome who did not have an efficient navy, develop an efficient navy army by imitating the navy system of the Carthaginians ships. This efficient strategy helped Rome to gain victory over Sicily as well as other Islands. In the second war of Punic, Italy was attacked by the Carthaginian general Hannibal. However, after 15 years of the war, Hannibal was forced to return to Ca rthage in order to prevent the Roman attack (John). Thus, Rome successfully defeated Carthage and conquered Spain. Finally, in the third Punic war, Rome attacked Carthage and conquered it. With the victory over Carthage, Rome became the major power in the Mediterranean region with entire North Africa, Spain and Greece under its control. However, as a result of the war, Rome suffered from the huge loss of lives and property. Firms were destroyed and as a result, there was a scarcity of food. During its third period of expansion that is between 155 and 44 BC, Rome became the ruler of the entire Mediterranean world (Arthur). For the dominance of Rome over the Mediterranean region, the major credit goes to two of the most renowned Military general of Rome, mainly General Pompey and Julius Cesar. While General Pompey had expanded the above-mentioned empire into the eastern parts of Asia Minor that included Syria and Cyprus, General Julius Cesar had captured majority portion of the Gaul and Egypt. With the conquest of the Mediterranean region, Rome became one of the wealthiest kingdoms in the world. However, while prosperity was the beneficial side of Roman conquest, Rome also faced several issues while controlling and maintaining the dominance over the huge invaded area. The conquered lands were subjected to pay tax to the Roman Empire and send soldiers to the Roman army. Besides that, the slaves who were being brought by the Roman Army were severely tortured by the army for ces. This resulted in frequent revolution. A slave named Spartacus had revolted in 73 BC (Charles). The Roman Soldiers, however, killed Spartacus in the battle along with killing an innumerable number of slaves brutally. Due to expansion Rome also faced financial crisis. Since a majorly of laborious works were done by the slaves, Roman farmers became jobless and crowded the city. Thus Roman conquerors started facing issues in controlling the expansion. The trouble took a huge form when power battle started between the Military Generals of Rome. Civil wars broke out and Julius Caesar gained the control of Rome. After Ceaser was murdered, his adopted son Octavian became the sole ruler of Rome. He falsely acted that he was restoring the authority of the Senate in order to gain the favour of the Roman Citizens. He further incorporated eastern kingdoms of Armenia and Judea in the kingdom. From the above discussion, it can be clearly understood that the efficiency of the Military force of Rome enabled the kingdom to successfully expand its borders and extend its control over the Mediterranean. However, it can be understood that as a result of this expansion, Rome had to pay several costs that include loss of lives and money Reference List Blagg, Thomas Frederick Colston, and Martin Millett.The early Roman empire in the west. Oxbow, 2016. Bury, John Bagnell.History of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. 2: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian. Courier Corporation, 2013. Eckstein, Arthur M.Rome enters the Greek East: from anarchy to hierarchy in the Hellenistic Mediterranean, 230-170 BC. John Wiley Sons, 2012. Findlay, Ronald, and Mats Lundahl. "Towards a model of territorial expansion and the limits of empire."The Economics of the Frontier. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2017. 105-124. Freeman, Charles.Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the ancient Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2014. Luttwak, Edward.The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century CE to the Third. JHU Press, 2016. Mattingly, David J.Imperialism, power, and identity: Experiencing the Roman Empire. Princeton University Press, 2013.

Records Management free essay sample

Topic No 2; Records Management in organizations Prepared by; Abdul Maziko. â€Å"Trust nothing suspect everything† Introduction. †¢ records management is an application of systematic and scientific control to the recorded information required in the operation of an organization’s business (Robek et al , 1995) †¢ Records Management:Systematical control of records in their entire lifecycle, that is, from creation to Disposition. Recordkeeping:a process of maintaining, distributing, indexing and storing records for proper use. REASONS FOR MANAGING RECORDS: a) Because they are a key resource like personnel, finance, stores are to an organization. b) Because they save as evidence of the rights and obligations of individuals organizations and the Government. c) Because they enforce and support laws, rules and regulations of organizations. d) Because they provide facts and figures needed to transact business in the organization. ) Because they assist organizations in achieving objectives, monitoring performance of their operations identifying emerging problems and how to solve them. We will write a custom essay sample on Records Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because they minimize customer’s complaints REASONS FOR KEEPING RECORDS: a) Cultural heritage purposes b) Reference purposes c) Investigation/Research purposes d) Answering enquiries/question AIM OF RECORDS MANAGEMENT: Sending the RIGHT records to the RIGHT officers at the RIGHT time with the LEAST possible cost. BENEFITS/ADVANTAGES OF GOOD RECORDS MANAGEMENT: a) Source for improved decision-making ) Faster access to information Importance/role of records management in organizations †¢ To furnish accurate, timely, and complete information for efficient decision making in the management and operation of the organization in a costly manner; †¢ To process recorded information as efficiently as possible. †¢ To render maximum service to the user of records and to ensure the secure storage of vital records which are essential to resume operations in the event of disaster. †¢ To ensure regulatory compliance and minimize litigation risks. i. e. rganizations use records to respond to challenges made against them whether in a court of law, legislators, regulations or Civil society. †¢ To support accountability when they need to justify that they have accomplished their obligations or complied with best practice †¢ Records can also be used for cultural purposes, research or to promote awareness and restore corporate hist ory. Plenary Discussion: What are the indicators of poor records management in public offices? 1. Mixing of active and non-active records [pic] 2. Files piled up on the floor [pic] 3. Files being too bulky [pic] 4. Files cannot be located quickly [pic] 5. Records piled up on working desks [pic] OTHER SYMPTOMS OF POOR RECORDS MANAGEMENT: a) Loss of management information b) Failure to supply ministerial information c) Failure to supply inter departmental information d) Failure to fulfill legal, contractual, statutory responsibilities e) Failure to provide information to the general public f) Failure to follow procedures g) Causing financial loss to third parties h) Public loosing confidence over the Government i) Causing political embarrassment j) Unauthorized disclosure of personal information ) Breach/disclosure of confidentiality on National Security matters or issues PROBLEMS OF POOR RECORDS MANAGEMENT: a) Non-active records being kept unnecessarily long in an office b) Management having no knowledge of number (amount) of files handled and costs involved. c) Staff do not know the procedures d) Random removal of files from the Registry only because of a need for space e) Dissemination of info rmation is done so widely than necessary f) Mail received is not quickly associated with files g) Collection of unwanted information ) Failure to locate files/documents quickly i) Staff maintaining private systems j) No Retention/Disposal Schedules k) Piling up of Files/Records on desks l) Many files are not registered m) Putting documents in wrong files Group Assignment: Outline the major problems facing records management in Tanzania and give opinions on what to be done to suppress the prevailing situation. What are the consequences of poor records keeping in public offices? Home |TANZANIA PUBLIC SERVICE COLLEGE | |

Free Essays on March Of Madness

Listening to the music: Social Problems in Song Mini-Assignment 1 Cory Rossin The song that I have selected with respect to a social problem (Global) is â€Å"March of Death† by Zack De La Rocha lead singer of â€Å"Rage Against Machine†. The intention of this article is to inform the reader of the expressive opinion in reference to the Iraqi war in conjunction with the sociological conflict theory imposed by Karl Marx. â€Å"March of Death implies several messages towards the act of war; consequences and political agendas within the U.S.A. government. â€Å"I won’t toe or defend, instead I curse at murderous men in suits or professionals who act like animals†. This bold statement refers to the new method of colonialism; multi-national corporations who exploit and conquer resources in countries that possess abundant supplies of tangible material and inexpensive labor. Who is in control? Who can repress the American leader, another intriguing statement by the songwriter. Finally the most important message of all, the destructive outcomes of war; thousands of helpless, innocent civilians disfigured and executed by the hands of Goliath himself. The Social problem is evident throughout this song, war and political propaganda a method of achieving the world’s precious energy, oil. In today’s world war is not just a social problem but also a malicious execution of all humanity; in theoretical terms war exhibits all three foundations of a social problem, origin, definition, and treatment (Fleras 2001,10). For conflict theorists war is an inevitable clash between inequalities of wealth, power, privilege, delivered through institutional means within a capitalist system. â€Å"Social problems are inherent in those societies organized around the capitalist principles of profit, competitive individualism, and class conflict† (Fleras 2001,19). â€Å"March of Death† closely reflects the conflict theory by describing religious, ... Free Essays on March Of Madness Free Essays on March Of Madness Listening to the music: Social Problems in Song Mini-Assignment 1 Cory Rossin The song that I have selected with respect to a social problem (Global) is â€Å"March of Death† by Zack De La Rocha lead singer of â€Å"Rage Against Machine†. The intention of this article is to inform the reader of the expressive opinion in reference to the Iraqi war in conjunction with the sociological conflict theory imposed by Karl Marx. â€Å"March of Death implies several messages towards the act of war; consequences and political agendas within the U.S.A. government. â€Å"I won’t toe or defend, instead I curse at murderous men in suits or professionals who act like animals†. This bold statement refers to the new method of colonialism; multi-national corporations who exploit and conquer resources in countries that possess abundant supplies of tangible material and inexpensive labor. Who is in control? Who can repress the American leader, another intriguing statement by the songwriter. Finally the most important message of all, the destructive outcomes of war; thousands of helpless, innocent civilians disfigured and executed by the hands of Goliath himself. The Social problem is evident throughout this song, war and political propaganda a method of achieving the world’s precious energy, oil. In today’s world war is not just a social problem but also a malicious execution of all humanity; in theoretical terms war exhibits all three foundations of a social problem, origin, definition, and treatment (Fleras 2001,10). For conflict theorists war is an inevitable clash between inequalities of wealth, power, privilege, delivered through institutional means within a capitalist system. â€Å"Social problems are inherent in those societies organized around the capitalist principles of profit, competitive individualism, and class conflict† (Fleras 2001,19). â€Å"March of Death† closely reflects the conflict theory by describing religious, ...

What Is Entropy and How to Calculate It

What Is Entropy and How to Calculate It Entropy is defined  as  the quantitative measure of disorder or randomness in a system. The concept comes out of thermodynamics, which deals with the transfer of heat energy within a system. Instead of talking about some form of absolute entropy, physicists generally discuss the change in entropy that takes place in a specific thermodynamic process. Key Takeaways: Calculating Entropy Entropy is a measure of probability and the molecular disorder of a macroscopic system.If each configuration is equally probable, then the entropy is the natural logarithm of the number of configurations, multiplied by Boltzmanns constant: S kB  ln WFor entropy to decrease, you must transfer energy from somewhere outside the system. How to Calculate Entropy In an isothermal process, the change in entropy (delta-S) is the change in heat (Q) divided by the absolute temperature (T): delta-S  Ã‚  Q/T In any reversible thermodynamic process, it can be represented in calculus as the integral from a processs initial state to its  final state of dQ/T. In a more general sense, entropy is a measure of probability and the molecular disorder of a macroscopic system. In a system that can be described by variables, those variables may assume a certain number of configurations. If each configuration is equally probable, then the entropy is the natural logarithm of the number of configurations, multiplied by Boltzmanns constant: S kB  ln W where S is entropy, kB is Boltzmanns constant, ln is the natural logarithm, and W represents the number of possible states. Boltzmanns constant is  equal to 1.38065 Ãâ€" 10−23  J/K. Units of Entropy Entropy is considered to be an extensive property of matter that is  expressed in terms of energy divided by temperature. The SI units of entropy are J/K (joules/degrees Kelvin). Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics One way of stating the second law of thermodynamics is as follows: in any  closed system, the entropy of the system will either remain constant or increase. You can view this as follows: adding heat to a system causes the molecules and atoms to speed up. It may be possible (though tricky) to reverse the process in a closed system without drawing any energy from or releasing energy somewhere else to reach the initial state. You can never get the entire system less energetic than when it started. The energy doesnt have any place to go. For irreversible processes, the combined entropy of the system and its environment always increases. Misconceptions About Entropy This view of the second law of thermodynamics is very popular, and it has been misused. Some argue that the second law of thermodynamics means that a system can never become more orderly. This is untrue. It just means that to become more orderly (for entropy to decrease), you must transfer energy from somewhere outside the system, such as when a pregnant woman draws energy from food to cause the fertilized egg to form into a baby. This is completely in line with the second laws provisions. Entropy is also known as disorder, chaos, and randomness, though all three synonyms are imprecise. Absolute Entropy A related term is absolute entropy, which is denoted by S rather than ΔS. Absolute entropy is defined according to the third law of thermodynamics. Here a constant is applied that makes it so that the entropy at absolute zero is defined to be zero.

Operational Strategies and Change Management Case Study

Operational Strategies and Change Management - Case Study Example Before being acquired by Rendall Graphics, Preston Plant was going through problems mostly related to the quality of the products, which were surprisingly identified the customer, HP. The company was facing many hardships in producing quality products and no concept of control over the product operations. The existing crisis revolving around the quality of products and business operating under loss, the success would have been only possible with occurrence of certain significant events. Concern by HP criticizing the work of Preston Plant which was not able to control the quality of its products which was depicted in the control chart prepared by HP itself for Preston plant, which shows that HP was performance of quality was closely monitored by HP though it was not done by the Plant, worked as a alarm bell for the plant management. Tom Branton, Managing Director, employed cost reduction strategies to bring the company expenditure down by job layoffs and decision was taken to create a portfolio for the plant dedicated to new ideas in order to establish greater confidence in the future sales and an innovative ideas was 'Photowrap' for newsprint that could be re-pulped. According According to Slack et al (2007:566)3 quality is consistent conformance to customers' expectations. The word 'conformance' is stressed upon to meet the specifications set by the customer, ensuring a product or service conforms to specification whereas consistent implies that conformance to specification is not an adhoc. The quality crisis could be diagnosed by reducing the gaps in cusomter specification-operation's specification, the concept specification, the quality specification - actual quality, the actual quality - communicated image which can be done through marketing operations, product/ service development, etc. As per the case study, prior to the acquisition by Rendall Graphics, the management was producing goods which met the specification on the customer, but they did not performed any control check on the product, which was eventually done by HP, which showed the loopholes in the performance of Preston Plant. Preston Plant, after being acquired by Rendall Graphi c underwent massive change in the operation and management wherein the departments were asked to review the day to day performance of the operations which was later put on to debate and discussion once in a month. The result was positive as the processes were coming under control, quality levels were improving and the